Any psychology of sign systems will be part of social psychology - that is to say, will be exclusively social; it will involve the same psychology as is applicable in the case of languages.

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Time changes all things; there is no reason why language should escape this universal law.

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Everyone, left to his own devices, forms an idea about what goes on in language which is very far from the truth.

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Nearly all institutions, it might be said, are based on signs, but these signs do not directly evoke things.

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In fact, from then on scholars engaged in a kind of game of comparing different Indo-European languages with one another, and eventually they could not fail to wonder what exactly these connections showed, and how they should be interpreted in concrete terms.

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Linguistics will have to recognise laws operating universally in language, and in a strictly rational manner, separating general phenomena from those restricted to one branch of languages or another.

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A language presupposes that all the individual users possess the organs.

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Outside speech, the association that is made in the memory between words having something in common creates different groups, series, families, within which very diverse relations obtain but belonging to a single category: these are associative relations.

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It is one of the aims of linguistics to define itself, to recognise what belongs within its domain. In those cases where it relies upon psychology, it will do so indirectly, remaining independent.

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Henceforth, language studies were no longer directed merely towards correcting grammar.

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